Karnaught

Im not dedicated Naval Historian, but I’m historian and you got right the most part of it. (im more into politics + economics lately) The core issue with Spanish Fleet Power at the end of XVI-XVII century was the focus on continental America as main extraction point of silver and gold, also securing Cuba and la Española as safe stops in Caribean. That unique situation develops the "Bullicionismo" an economic theory based around the accumulation of precious metal. This metallic ore capitalization used by the crown to fuel the European wars and general expenses damaged the trading and production assets in the Kingdoms of Spain. Also a big part of that silver went to private hands due to corruption, redistributed to Europe or lost in Manlia Galeon (Direct trade Mexico-Philippines). The early arrival of Brits, French and Dutch corsairs make the route between Caribbean Sea and Cadiz Bay unsafe so instead of try to claim the sea the crown "fortify" the route with again the main goal was to secure as much silver and gold from the Reinos de Indias as they could. So as the century advance they bring in Italian fort designers to secure key spots like Cartagena de Indias, Havana, Santo Domingo and south Florida with state of the art forts (Star Forts) these sites work as stops from the "Carrera de Indas" bi-annual trip between Cartagena and Seville. The "Carrera de Indas" secures the passage between Caribe and Peninsula and private traders could join in to make the trip. Private trade and merchant fleet was quite weak due too even Caribean waters not so safe after the relocation of part Barlovento Fleet in Europe. PD: Maybe my grammar quite bad, english is not my 1st language but I hope you get the point.

Más que una traducción oficial a corto plazo lo que se comentó era promocionar el juego en español y en general tratar de que más hispanohablantes se metan al juego claramente dominado demográficamente por ingleses y americanos que tienen una tradición naval mucho más difundida a nivel popular. La traducción oficial aun tardara más bien bastante visto el ritmo de desarrollo de mecánicas básicas para el juego. Si los devs son favorables a ello se podría tratar de sacar un mod. pasando el juego al español el problema que por ahora la UI es simplemente un placeholder supongo que con la beta ya pondrán una interfaz de verdad.

So good!

In the current situation this kind of idea will lead to really small nations some sort of "free trade Company" with no naval/military power at all that rely on diplo/economic power. -- It might work between overpopulated and medium, small populated factions but with very small ones, the "end game" it’s just the economic, trader, crafter route the combat end game simply can't be balanced. With that many factions even if they start with no ports assigned outside capitals we end in the same place with really small playerbase to less popular/appealing/powerful/X/ faction. This is not a so big problem with 4/6 nations with capitals spread across the map but if on top of that smaller factions start in hot areas like Lesser Antilles.

+1, or a Clan pennon. I know isn’t really in dev priorities but in the long run this game needs some kind of clan and friend/foe recognition if they want to keep the game name tags to minimum expression and leave the UI clean.

Hi I don't know if it fits this topic but I have collected references of a bunch of academic history books from college libraries. Bear in mind that some of them are more into the economic, social side of naval history with not much attention to individual ships or naval battles, others are just context or international politics related with the timeframe of the game. I tried to put only books published since year 2000 to make it easier if someone is interested in reading one of them. (Some books in French and Spanish) Sorry for my basic written English. General topics -Davis, Lance Edwin. Naval Blockades in peace and war: an economic historic since 1750. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 2006 -Guillerm, Alain. Fortifications et marine en Occident: la pierre et le vent. Nouvelle Ed., Paris:1994 -Hardling, Richard. Naval history 1680-1850. Ashgate, England:2006 -Lavery, Brian. The ship of the line. Volume I, the development of the battlefield 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press, London: 1995 Spain related: -Habron, Jhon D. Trafalgar and the Spanish navy: the spanish experience of sea power. Conway Maritime Press, London: 1988 -Guimerá Ravina, Agustin. Guerra naval en la revolución y el imperio: bloqueos y operaciones anfibias,1793-1815. Marcial Pons, Madrid: 2008 -Codina Bonet, Ramón. Don Antonio, almirante de la Armada y corsario del rey. Ministerio de defensa, Madrid:2010 -Mitiuckov,Nicolay W. La escuadra rusa adquirida por Fernando VII en 1817.Damaré, Pontevedra: 2009 -Ruiz Garcia, Vicente. Las naves de las cortes (1808-1812): El ultimo servicio de la marina de la Ilustración.Silex, Madrid:2013 -Ortiz Sotelo, Jorge. La Real Armada en el Pacifico Sur: el Apostadero Naval del Callao: 1746-1824.Iberoamericana, Madrid:2015 -Juan-Garcia Aguado, Jose M. Jose Romero Fernandez de Landa: un ingeniero de marina en el siglo XVIII. Universidade da Coruña, La Coruña: 1998 Brittain related -Parkinson, C Northcote. Britannia rules: The classic age of naval history,1793-1815.Slutton Publishing,London:1997 -Graham, Gerald S. Sea Power and British North America 1783-1820: a study in British Colonial Policy. Greenwood Press, New York: 1968 -Winfield, Rif. British warships in the age of sail,1603-1714: design, construction, careers and fates. Seaforth, London: 2009 -Smylie, Michael. Traditional fishing boats of Britain and Ireland: design, history and evolution.Amberley, Gloucestershire: 2011 La France - Llinares, Sylviane. Marine Propulsion et technique: evolution du système technologique du navire de guerre français. Librarie de l'Inde Editeur, Paris: 1994 -Plouviez, David. La Marine française et ses réseaux économiques au XVIIIe siècle. Les Indes Savantes Paris: 2014 -Dufraisse, Roger. La france napoléonienne: aspects extérieurs, 1799-1815.Seuil, Paris: 1999

Wow fantastic book database (the 1rst link) I hope Portugal come eventually into NA when map expands or grows. Interesting that a some ships where build in India like N.S. do Pilar. PD: Lots of interesting names for ships too

Source: http://revistas.um.es/areas/article/viewFile/87061/83791 It is Interesting the weight of USA in Veracruz trade just 30 years after US Declaration of Independence.

This map comes from sandbox videogame Port Royale 2 (2004) developed by Ascaron Entertaiment and it might have some "historical flavor" isn't historical at all. Just a quick example it's impossible that any self-sustain colony didn't produce building materials to some degree. Goods flow where a lot slower than games like Port Royale 2 or Patrician 3. I’m not saying that Ascaron Entertaiment approach is bad just saying that people tend to use the word historical too often. The main problem here with renewable products is how they should be introduced frist I mean should be an established NPC economy replaced by a player economy later on or should be a blank file 100% player economy that can cause gold rushes and all sorts of economic bubbles. Offer is generated by the player but demand is also played based? Who will buy then colonial plantation products with low value added to them (= no transformation/crafting). ¿We need a NPC population that consume some goods and over that player demand? --------- Example Historical Data: ##Veracruz second biggest port of New Spain in Caribe Sea in 1808: ___Entries--> From Spain 29/ from America 139/ other nations 25 (Total 185) ___Sorties--> to Spain 31/ to America 112/ to other nations 22 (Total 165) Another interesting information about it 50% of the merchants ships in Veracruz where Schooners and 25% where Brigs. Source: ANDREO GARCIA,Juan. El trafico maritimo del puerto de Veracruz durante la etapa de la Junta Central Suprema de España e Indias. Areas revista internacional de ciencias sociales. number 7, pp.21-30. ( http://revistas.um.es/areas/article/viewFile/87061/83791 ) -------

I play a lot of M&B (I’m near 400h xD) and still coming back for time to time just for the fun of Tropical server or siege/commander battles. Start with the vanilla one and SP mods and when NW came out I join a regiment and stay there for a while until RL pull me out. Was quite fun even the regiment were I was small and full on patriotic/nationalistic stuff (don't get me wrong I love RP but some people take it too far). Also played Mercenaries MP mod for a while was really fun but grindy for newcomers. And yeah I come from the HL2 American Revolution mod "Battle Grounds II" and his successors. Also play the old Insurgency mod back in the days so I’m quite happy that at least Insurgency made into a quite good game if you have a team and/or the patience to learn.

Interesting info it's a shame that only is about RN. http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/RN/Gunnery/Gunnery_Salutes.html I open a random link and appeared R.Osborne. I'm wondering which XIX century Osborne is but i assume is Related to Osborne Baronet. Like current George Osborne (Chancellor of the Exchequer).

Nothing but bear in mind that if you have fast enough ship you could run away from the battle just with a couple of holes in the sails is totally legit to flee in OW. Also sailing in your national waters as the instance also will trigger the IA(improved version) vessels caught in the Area. I don't know how will be at release but seems really big war vessels (1st, 2nd Rate maybe 3rd too) will be used only by navy (or captured) in war context like attacking squadrons or patrolling squadrons not like douchebag wannabe to hunt small ships. Said that if a fat Fluyt that isn't fast enough to flee should consider doing a convoy with some escorts and/or have enough weapons to defend against normally faster, smaller ships used to hunt lone merchants. Being an explorer you will need a fast balanced ship anyway so it’s unlikely to be caught by pirates and privateers helpless. ATM still a mystery if the devs are going to split the ship models between military and civil or just buying the hull with default equipment and then you could arrange the space and the weapon hatches like elite dangerous.

With the planed "instanced" battle there is no need to split it you can play as an explorer/merchant or just sit on "hot zones" hunting enemies and fast-paced action until you get wreck. 1 server for all should work well more population more fun. Itself it’s an interesting idea to be able to play “sailing simulator 2015” trading and exploring and at the same time WoT/WT style of gameplay all in one game with the instanced battles.

Isn't a matter of removing is doing a small summary of the biography of the Admiral. In that way we can all learn about other renowned admirals from other countries. Cosme Damián Churruca y Elorza (1761 -1805) Born in Motrico (Peninsular Spain) he spends his early life in Burgos seminary. At the age of fifteen (1776) Churruca enlisted in Cadiz Naval school. In October 1778 he served in the San Vicente he catch the attention of his superiors and start a meteoric rise in the Armada. He took part in the 1781 siege of Gibraltar and later on various cartographic expeditions in South America as a cartographer he discovered an alternative route in the Straits of Magellan. He reached the rank of Captain in 1798 obtaining the command of the Conquistador where he shows as captain a high degree of discipline. He returned to Cadiz in 1802 reorganizing the Principe de Asturias and later on San Juan Nepomuceno. Churruca before 1802 was well known by his academic and geographical books but he turns out to be a competent Captain that fought under Silvestre de Villeneuve command at the Battle of Cape Finisterre 1805. He opposed to the incautious decision of leaving Cadiz to hunt Nelson. In the battle of Trafalgar he fought alone against six British ships losing both legs in the combat staying in the bridge putting the leftovers of his legs in a bucket full of sand. He died from blood loss but before that he ordered to nail the flag to prevent to his crew to raise the white flag after British boarding. San Juan Nepomuceno was engaged by two british ships and later on by another four and finally surrendered after 100 crew was killed and 150 wounded, was one of the last spanish ships to surrender during Trafalgar Battle. He only obtain the rank of Admiral after his dead before Trafalgar Battle he was Brigadier (Navy). ---- An apology in advance if some grammar is wrong English is my third language. If somebody is interested in online sources in English I can research a bit. ----- Online sources (in Spanish): # Villarejo,E/Villatoro,M (11-03-2014). Churruca, el español que murió combatiendo contra seís navíos en Trafalgar. ABC. (http://www.abc.es/historia-militar/20130125/abci-churruca-espanol-murio-combatiendo-201301242018.html) # Martinez,A. Biografia de Don Cosme Damian Churruca y Elorza. Blog: Todo a Babor. (http://www.abc.es/historia-militar/20130125/abci-churruca-espanol-murio-combatiendo-201301242018.html) Further readings (in Spanish): # Cayuela Fernandez,J/Pozuelo Reina, A.(2004) Trafalgar: Hombres y naves entre dos épocas. Barcelona,Spain: Ariel # González-Ripoll,D. (1994) , A las Órdenes de las estrellas: la vida del marino Cosme de Churruca y sus expediciones a América. Madrid,Spain: CSIC

The "honour and glory" of Trafalgar cost Spanish Crown almost all American colonies killing any effective trade route. But anyway lots of bad political decisions where taken in America before that happened. Maybe was a matter of time it’s sad that Spanish diplomatic service and crown fuck up that much between War of the Pyrenees and the Napoleonic invasion. Wasting all the efforts made in America since the arrival of the Bourbons in 1700. Twenty years of desperate fighting in America against your own commoners just to try to establish again the old empire. XIX century Spain has really sad history.

Bear in mind that Medieval and Modern States aren't considered Nation-States in a XX century fashion so was totally legit and universal to use manpower from other countries in fact whole armies are """mercenary""" like Albrecht von Wallestein army. It was pretty common to "rent/hire" Genoan or Venetian galleys to compliment navy squadrons, between 1500 until the control of Barbary Coast. -------- Instead of a big list of meaningless names I would appreciate that people put some effort and write or link some sourced information about admirals. The idea of "Greatest Admiral" is a sloppy definition and could begin a "who had the largest..." competition between nationalistic historiographic schools inherited from XIX century traditions.

Early books are quite tricky about Napoleon and French Revolution and mostly are a "War of Ideas" especially early first hand chronicles about Revolution by Louis de Bonald, Joseph de Maistre (ideological founders of the two kinds of counter-revolution movements in XIX century). Google books isn't that good for old books you can check: https://www.gutenberg.org -->Almost 50.000 copyright free old books, some about Napoleonic wars too. http://www.cairn.info/revue-napoleonica-la-revue.htm -->Really good contemporary historical analysis about Napoleonic empires sponsored by Napoleon Foundation (All in french)http://www.napoleon.org http://gallica.bnf.fr/?〈=EN -->Massive official free access French database mostly in French but also some in English and other languages and a mayor part of it are digitalized delightful for any historian. If I found more free access pro-level historical sources I edit that or sum all webs in one new thread.

I don't know much about sailing but in Mediterranean still quite popular. The main aspects that made this kind of ship bad for open sea could be: A) Big Lateen (Latin) sails needs a lot of crew and a lot of work to "optimize the wind" B ) Flat hull compared with any Nao/Caravel // A+B --> Even with small ships its easy to flip the ship if the wind is strong enough C) Less cargo space ----- Clasical fishing boat: San Juan (Museu de la Pesca de Palamos// Palamos fishing museum) http://www.museudelapesca.org 1940's Llaüt style boat: Nova Catalina http://www.voltamallorca.com/?p=283

The only place where a huge Portuguese population move in was Brazil, most of the rest of colonies end being plantation colonies and trading colonies where Portuguese colonist where a minority and most African and Asian colonies where defensive forts, administrative centers, plantation and ports to ships slaves. As far as I know outside Brazil there wasn't big population colonization in Portuguese Empire. In the way that only in Colonial Capitals there was a majority of European population in the rest of villages there was European elite that rule plantation or production facilities with local manpower. That's the main difference between early colonies and late ones; late ones are formed mostly by European population. Spanish model was similar the only difference they had to assimilate big empires. For example in Peru around 1800 there was a 7% of white Spaniard population and around 20-30% of castas ,mixed between white and American natives. The rest 60-70% where native and the whole system was ruled by the 7% Spaniards that mostly works to the crown or the church. ---- Portuguese and Spanish crowns don't have the tools in the early XVI/XVII century to create "population colonies" like British do later on Australia and North America. The most common colony in XVI/XVII century was the trading post in Asia (trading species) or the plantation Caribe(Sugar), South America (Mines), West Africa (Slaves), --> Triangular trade. In other words Spain and Portugal try to grab the best places and leave the huge land masses with low population to the others. Even with that American Spain was most of it “tierras yermas” à barren lands there aren't enough population there to cultivate the soil and made profit of it. North American & Australia population colonies lack: - High value products, (outside fur NA)--> No mining, no species - Manpower + bad climate for tropical plantation* -->Expensive Slaves and no Sugar, no tropical plantation. So they have to create a new kind of colony outside the classical one invented by the Genoese Mediterranean style(s.XIV) replicated in Madeira, Canarias and later on Caribe Sea. The answer was a population colony where the key feature was to bring a lot of European population and the key factor was the trading between the metropolis and the colonies and taxes/trading fees. That is a total different mindset from classical colonial empires who view the colonies as mere resources pool. And behind it there was two totally opposed economic thought. *The only exception of that could be the South of the 13th Colonies that developed a Caribbean style colony with slaves.

I wonder if they could put weather map on Naval Action and have to sail under realistic winds and on the ocean current to get a good speed while sailing. That would make it more interesting and also will create "highways" where ships must go if they want to have good wind. That had a lot of potential from a Patrol/Ambush perspective and also from a fleet vs fleet perspective.

The issue here is not who discovered or not the land is who put the flag on it and exploit the land. Spanish and Portuguese explore a lot of land early on but they don't colonize every patch of land they see because not always worth it or for political reasons(aka Big Asian Empires until Military Revolution). Both Spaniards and Portuguese never truly implemented a "population colony" like British develop later on. We can found the same issue with Viking discovery of America (Terranova) and Spanish later on. Some historians argue that Columbus was aware that there was land due to Portuguese sailors get lost found Terranova and they arrive finally to Vigo harbor. And some early land indicators from Azores fishers who see birds while fishing on the west. And the last clue supporting that theory was that Columbus itself was married with the daughter of the Governor of Azores so he also had some intel about what’s going on Portuguese exploration. ------- Spanish Crown was so lucky to found Inca and Mexica empire and been able to put under their flag such a big piece of land and people with almost any effort. If we read old books and reports about ”proper population colonization" in Venezuela or Central America they had trouble and never truly developed the potential of America due the demographic problems involved in the Encomienda System and also in Peninsular Spain with low birth-rate. Until the early demographic boom of Britain due to British Agricultural Revolution (enclosures) the colonization in a modern way was really demanding on resources and manpower. That is one of the reasons why Portuguese adopt Trading post model to try to ship all the spices from East to Europe, same goes with Spaniards with Gold and Silver. During 1400-1600 Spices and Gold & Silver markets where really restricted and had really high prices. Sry if there any mayor mistake, English is my third language.

If you are looking after Napoleon timeline you should look Premier Empire. That's the name French historians give napoleon rule after he became Empereur de la France. For former periods there are "La France Revolutionare" if you are interested on it i could do a mini research about what you are looking for. EDIT: Most of Books in French ofc.

So maybe a micro transaction system to make a submission for a community Tribunal for personalized historical names. Outside of that a "Name Generator" based on real names somebody point it out pages away that could work fine with less strict name pool, especially for merchant navy. In most navies we can found a really big name pool for combat ships names. For merchant fleet this should be less strict and a Name Generator that will work nice as long as the pool names of that keep realistic names, adjectives for each navy/nation. That could give the freedom to player to choose a name from a pool totally randomized for example choose between these 3 names or mulligan and the randomizer draw/generates 3 new names. Also cut down the “Race for the official/cool name” if you want the cool name you have to pay it and support the game. Randomizer well implemented gives both the historicalish names and the player feeling of choosing something. Keeping the devs away of approving each name (they had better things to do).

Just to mention Latin America and South America overlaps too much. EDIT: North-West Spain near the French border.