Hello.
Just to share a bit of love for BIG NAVAL GUNS!
(USS IOWA firing)
So, the main object of this little post will be the 16" navy gun, in turret of 3 guns, on Iowa-Class Dreadnought type of ship.
What's a Dreadnought? Well, it's what "Vulgus Peplum" wrongly call sometime a "Armored Battleship". It was in fact heavy armored, but not at the expense of a great top speed, and his main armament typically consist of a few turrets of some big guns of the same caliber.
Having 1-caliber for all main guns simplifies the task of the Firing Director, but we will see that later.
This concept of battleships is a bit outdated, and the few Dreadnoughts already afloat today (as museums...) are in the lasts days or retirement. Carriers, Missiles frigates now rule the Waves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreadnought (If you want to know more about Dreadnoughts)
So, a 16-inchs turrets, it is:
Look simple, isn't? Well, not all firing operations are show, far from it!
Some videos of firing operations:
More firing, less talking! ^^
Now, we are confused. Why sometime they shoot all tubes of a turret simultaneously, and some other times, in short bursts?
Well, this as an complex answer, but this is a first view: www.zhanliejian.com/navweaps/INRO_BB-Gunnery_p1.htm
The problem is: Hitting the opposite boat! (or the training target...)
So, the advantages of full salvo Vs partial salvos:
Technical solutions:
In theses times, Navy warfare was still the business of Moustache Admirals, for wich a naval engagement was, you know, making 2 nices lines of enormous battleships and firing shells at a distance of 10km away all day.(with a accuracy of... We don't speak about accuracy.) When night come, we count the number of impacts on all the armored battleships, and the lesser impacted is sacred winner of the day!
So, to make realistics trainings for war, we make realistics training, with "target trains" in line, drawn by a lesser ship of some sort:
(Well, they sure look ragged now, aren't they, old chap?)
But sometime, things go wrong...
Well, with enemy ships not making a regular line like they should and questionnable reliability of armament, the Firing Director task is not esay!
But back at firing director: Today, everyone guess well all naval guns have the best firing computer and so, but back in the old days? How do they estimate distances, angles, speed of target? And calculate all you need to fire accurately when all ships are moving in the waves?
Don't panic! No need for an hasardous finger guess, back in theses times we already have... firing computer!
Again, it's not what you thinh. No, not punch card, still older...
"Mechanical computers!" Nothing numeric inside, only cams and pins! The only computer really lighting-fast!
https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/03/gears-of-war-when-mechanical-analog-computers-ruled-the-waves/
OK, so we have 15 guys turning whells and so, but when do we fire?
When the Firing director say it! Long gone are the time where each turret act on his own! All the main armament are directed from the main bridge, and fire simultaneously on the officer order!
And seasickness is coming... http://www.godfreydykes.info/Gunnery%20Directors%20Part%20II.pdf
Never heard of roll and tipping? Not an easy task to keep the opposite boat well aligned whit the little cross...
Firing accuracy is therefore in the hand-eye coordination of the firing director, hoppefully sober today (by luck). This can explain many things...
But! You can not stop progress! So here come the "vertical stabilisator"
It's more or less that, and make even an early aperitiffed Moustache Admiral able to use correctly his targeting device. The firing computer will suspend a fraction of second the firing order for accomodating the roulis, and BOOM!
Cheers!