Jump to content
Game-Labs Forum

Montañés-Class Ships of the Line


Recommended Posts

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monta%C3%B1%C3%A9s-class_ship_of_the_line

 

The Montañés were a class of four ships of the line designed and built between 1792 and 1798 by Julián Martín de Retamosa for the Spanish Navy

The four ships in the class, and their fates, were:

  • Montañés (1794) - ran aground in 1810.
  • Monarca (1794) - captured by Britain at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 and later lost in the storm.
  • Argonauta (1798) - captured by Britain at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 and later sunk in the storm.
  • Neptuno (1795) - lost in the storm after the Battle of Trafalgar.

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_ship_Neptuno_(1795)

 

 

Neptuno was an 80-gun Montañes-class ship of the line of the Spanish Navy. She was built in 1795 and took part in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. She fought with the Franco-Spanish fleet in the battle of Trafalgar, and was wrecked in its aftermath.

Neptuno was built at Ferrol and launched in 1795. She entered service in time to support an attempt to unite with a French force and land troops in England, but the Spanish fleet under Admiral José de Córdoba y Ramos was intercepted and engaged by a British fleet under Sir John JervisNeptuno did not take part in the battle, having been sent into port beforehand. Several years later she was in a Spanish port when the combined Franco-Spanish fleet under Vice-Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve arrived, having sailed to the West Indies and back, and been engaged by a British fleet in the Battle of Cape FinisterreNeptuno joined the fleet in her attempt to reach Brest, but the plan to join with another French fleet failed and Neptuno ended up with the rest of the fleet, blockaded in Cadiz by a British fleet under Lord Nelson.

Villeneuve came out of Cadiz in late 1805, and was engaged by Nelson in the decisive Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October. As the lead ship of the line, Neptuno was initially isolated from the main fighting, though she joined in an attempt later in the day to come to the aid of Villeneuve's flagship. Instead she became trapped and engaged by two British ships and, after fighting for over an hour, surrendered. She was taken in hand by a British prize crew, but two days after the battle a sortie by some of the survivors from the battle succeeded in retaking her. She was towed towards a friendly port but, already badly damaged in the battle, was caught up in the powerful storm that struck the area and ran aground. Her crew were evacuated, and Neptuno broke up in the heavy seas.

 

Construction and commissioning

Neptuno was built at the Royal Dockyard at Ferrol as one of the Montañes-class of 74- and 80-gun ships of the line, a design developed by Romero Landa and based on his earlier San Ildefonso class of 1785. Among her sisters were the Argonauta and Monarca, both of which fought alongside Neptuno at Trafalgar. She carried twenty-eight 24-pounder guns on her lower gundeck, thirty 18-pounders on her upper deck, fourteen 8-pounders on her quarter deck and four 8-pounders on her forecastle. By 1805 she had been fitted with four 18 pounder carronades on her poop, while the 18 pounders on her upper deck had been replaced by 24 pounders. Overall work on the ships of the Montañes class was overseen by Julién de Retamosa, and Neptuno was launched at Ferrol in 1795.

There then followed a period of fitting out and carrying out sea trials during 1796, after which she was assigned to the Spanish Mediterranean fleet at Cartagena under Admiral José de Córdoba y Ramos. Shortly afterwards Spain allied with Republican France and entered the French Revolutionary Wars against Britain and her allies. The Spanish Navy was assigned to support the planned invasion of Britain.

Alliance with France

Neptuno put to sea on 1 February 1797 with the rest of Córdoba's fleet, consisting of 27 ships of the line, twelve frigates, one brig and several smaller craft. They sailed from Cartagena and passed through the Strait of Gibraltar on 5 February. Córdoba had orders to deliver a number of gunboats to Algeciras to support the bombardment of Gibraltar, safely escort a convoy of four urcas carrying mercury from Malaga to Cadiz, and then sail to Brest to link up with the French. The first part of the operation went smoothly, andNeptuno was detached with the 74-gun ships Bahama and Terrible, the 34-gun Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe to take the gunboats into Algeciras. Neptuno and Bahamaremained at Algeciras, while Terrible sailed to rejoin Córdoba.

Strong easterly winds prevented Córdoba from making port at Cadiz, and his ships were scattered to the west, before they could make sail back to the Spanish coast. As they approached Cadiz on 14 February his fleet was tracked down off Cape St Vincent by a British force under Sir John JervisNeptuno and her consorts took no part in the action that followed, during which the Spanish were defeated.

Approach to Trafalgar

220px-Cayetano_valdes.jpg
 
Portrait of Cayetano Valdés y Flores, commander of Neptuno at Trafalgar, painted by José Roldán y Martínez, Sevilla, 1847

By 1805 Neptuno was based at Ferrol, under the command of Captain Don Cayetano Valdés y Flores. There she was joined in late July by ships of the combined Franco-Spanish fleet under Vice-Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve. The combined fleet had recently arrived in European waters from the West Indies, where they had evaded a British fleet under Lord Nelson, but had failed to carry out any attacks on the British colonies in the Caribbean. The fleet, hotly pursued across the Atlantic by Nelson, had been intercepted by another fleet underRobert Calder that had been positioned off Cape Finisterre in expectation of their arrival. Calder captured two of Villeneuve's ships in a confused action, after which Villeneuve withdrew to Ferrol and Corunna. He sailed again on 9 August, taking the Spanish ships he had found in those ports, including Neptuno, with him, hoping to rendezvous with the French Rochefort squadron under Zacharie Allemand.The hoped-for rendezvous failed: the two French fleets supposedly mistook each other for the main British fleet and, instead of joining, attempted to escape from each other, with Villeneuve fleeing to Cádiz.

After spending several months there, watched by the blockading British fleet under Nelson, Villeneuve decided to put to sea in mid-October. Valdés prepared Neptuno for sea, and the fleet sailed from Cadiz on 19 October. Neptuno was initially the rearmost ship of the combined fleet as it sailed southwards, but as the British approached on the morning of 21 October, Villeneuve formed the line of battle and ordered it to come about heading northwards, with Neptuno now the lead ship of the van. She was ahead of the 74-gun French Scipion, and formed part of the squadron under Rear-Admiral Pierre Dumanoir le Pelley, which had previously been intended as the rear of the fleet.

Trafalgar

Initially isolated by the British strike at the centre and rear of the combined fleet's line, Neptuno was ordered to hug the wind to allow the other ships to get to their stations. Neptuno was fired upon by the 64-gun HMS Africa, which had arrived late to the battle and sailed southwards parallel down the line, exchanging broadsides with the ships of the fleet. Africa's long range fire caused little damage. At 2 pm Dumanoir brought the van around and headed south to support the beleaguered centre, trying to fight his way through to Villeneuve's flagship, the 80-gun Bucentaure. With Dumanoir in the attempt were Neptuno and four French ships, the 80-gun Formidable, and the 74-gun ships ScipionDuguay-Trouin and the Mont-BlancNeptuno fought her way through to Bucentaure, with Valdés hoping to use her boats to recapture the flagship. The plan came to nothing when he discovered the boats had been destroyed by gunfire. Neptuno herself was soon in trouble; at 4 pm she was cut off by the two rear-most ships of Nelson's weather column, the newly arrived 74-gun ships HMS Minotaur and HMS Spartiate.

Neptuno fought both of them for the next hour, having her mizzen mast shot away, and her rigging badly damaged. Valdés, who had already been wounded twice during the battle, was hit in the head and neck by falling debris from the collapsing mizzenmast and lost consciousness. He was taken below to be treated, and command devolved to his second, Joaquín Somoza. After an hour of fighting Neptuno lost her fore topmast, the foretop, foreyard and foreshrouds, followed by her main topmast and the main stay. Valdés' successor, Somoza, was also wounded, and First Lieutenant Antonio Miranda took command. Neptuno struck her colours at 5.10 pm, becoming the last of the combined fleet to surrender. Accounts of her casualties vary but they appear to have been relatively light, with 38 to 42 dead and 42 to 47 wounded. She had by now been isolated from the rest of the fleet, and may have surrendered due to declining morale as a result. The British had been aiming high, in order to disable Neptuno and prevent her from escaping. A boarding party of 48 men from Minotaur, led by Marine Second Lieutenant Thomas Reeves arrived on board to take Neptuno's surrender. Valdés was undergoing treatment in thecockpit, so First Lieutenant Antonio Miranda went aboard Minotaur and submitted his sword to her captain, Charles Mansfield. Reeves took of a lieutenant and twenty-five men out of Neptuno and sent them to Minotaur, secured the prisoners aboard Neptuno, locked away the firearms, and placed a guard on the magazine.

Storm, and wreck

Minotaur took Neptuno in tow at 3.30 am the next day, and at daylight work began to clear away the wreckage of battle. As the storm rose, the towline snapped, putting Neptunoin danger of running onto a lee shore and being wrecked. The battered mainmast collapsed on 22 October, smashing through the captain's cabins below the poop, crushing to death Spanish paymaster Diego de Soto as he slept, and killing one of the British prize crew. Now completely dismasted the crew struggled to shore up the decks to prevent them from collapsing, and tried to jury rig sails.

On 23 October French Captain Julien Cosmao made a sortie from Cadiz with some of the more seaworthy ships that had escaped the battle, in an attempt to retake some of the captured prizes. Cosmao's squadron consisted of two French 80-gun ships, Neptune and Indomptable, the 74-gun French Pluton, and two Spanish ships, the 100-gun Rayo and the 74-gun San Francisco de Asis. Also with the ships of the line were the smaller French ships that had been present at the battle but had not taken part, the frigates Cornélie,ThémisHortenseRhin and Hermione, and the brigs Furet and Argus. In preparation for the counter-attack the British cast off several of the prizes and formed a defensive line. While CornélieHortenseThémis and Rhin harassed the British, Hermione took Neptuno in tow, while the Spanish crew rose up and took back their ship. The British prize crew were sent below to work the pumps, while Neptuno made anchor in Cadiz Bay. During the night the storm rose again, and Neptuno dragged her anchors and ran onshore.

Lines were quickly passed between the ship and shore, and rafts were constructed to take men off the stricken ship. One raft made several trips to and from the shore, until it capsized, drowning several men.Over the next few days the remaining men, including the wounded Captain Valdés, were taken off by rafts and fishing boats. The abandonedNeptuno was soon pounded to pieces in the heavy seas, with the loss of around 20 men in her wreck. Neptuno was not the only ship to suffer this fate, a number of the captured British prizes were scuttled or left to be wrecked, while several of the ships that had accompanied Cosmao's sortie were lost. The Indomptable was lost after she grounded off Rota, as was the San Francisco de Asis, in Cadiz Bay. The Rayo attempted to anchor off San Lucar and ride out the storm, but rolled out her masts in the heavy seas. HMS Donegal came up, and being unable to resist, Rayo surrendered to her, but was driven on shore on 26 October and wrecked. Cosmao managed to retake only one other prize aside fromNeptuno, the 112-gun Santa Ana. Unlike Neptuno, the Santa Ana made it back to Cadiz.

The remains of the French fleet were bottled up in Cadiz under Rear-Admiral Rosily, trapped there by the British blockade. The remaining ships were seized by the Spanish after they entered the war against France in 1808. One of the French ships taken was the 80-gun Neptune, which had fought at Trafalgar; the Spanish took her into their service, renaming her Neptuno, as a replacement for the ship lost in 1805. This new Neptuno served with the Spanish Navy until being broken up in 1820.

 

http://www.todoababor.es/maquetas/mont.html

 

Model construction , made following original plans by Romero Landa and Julian de Retamosa. When not there have been, have been replaced with Authorized and authenticated planes. For some details have been used elements Ildefonsinos series.

 

The model is part of a technical study, as much as possible complete, the Montañes ship of the line, including: Obtaining Hydrostatic Curves, Curves Pantocarenas, Stability, Dynamic Parameters, Behavior between waves Efforts (Loads, Chopping, Tyres). The counting system is based on the ideas of Jorge Juan, all those aspects where possible. Only when there are empty " historical " they are using modern methods.

 

2i9ji13.jpg

 

ndwnpf.jpg

 

243i5xj.jpg

 

333vfwi.jpg

 

2n186rd.jpg

 

vwpvk3.jpg

 

xc7xqv.jpg

 

m8dawh.jpg

 

2i1mwbm.jpg

  • Like 13
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 7 months later...

Hi Guys:

I'm JMLVQZ, the author of the Montañes study that is quoted above.

First of all, thanks for appreciating the work.

 

If any tecnical information related to this ship is required, don't hersitate asking for it.

 

Note: It has been funny to read the automatic translation of my original writting. Hahahaha, really funny.

  • Like 3
Link to comment
Share on other sites

Hi Guys:

I'm JMLVQZ, the author of the Montañes study that is quoted above.

First of all, thanks for appreciating the work.

 

If any tecnical information related to this ship is required, don't hersitate asking for it.

 

Note: It has been funny to read the automatic translation of my original writting. Hahahaha, really funny.

Could you provide plans for this piece of history?

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Hi Cpt Sanchez:

 

Yes, I am. The best translation is Naval Architect :-)

 

Wind:

Yes, of course. When I started the project, I found that the plans that were admited as "the right ones" were wrong. By only making a few numbers from them, things didn't fit with the ship particulars declared by her Architect and further Captains. Hence I had to rebuild the plans.

As the ones I started from are owned by the Naval Museum,I can only share my owns. As many times happens, both versions almost look the same at first sight, but their behaviour would be very different when built.

 

Julian de Retamosa was the most revolutionary and may be the best Naval Architect at his time. He solved some shipbuilding problems  that had been hanging over for centuries. I thought it was a matter of historical justice, making the study and finding a ships line more closed to what he designed.

 

The Montañes was not a ships class, but one ship whose design was based on the Romero Landa "Ildefonsinos" class, that resulted quite good ships. General arrangement, rigging ... etc can be taken from that class.

 

I'll attach the linesplans and some information this afternoon (I have all of it in a backup drive at home).

 

Regards

  • Like 1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

Here is the Lines plan of the NSM Montañes:

 

Based upon the plans and study for the "Ildefonsinos Class" by  D. Jose Maria de Juan Aguado, Coruña University, Spain.

 

As I said above, the Montañes is not a class, but a single ship. She was designed by D. Julian de Retamosa who took the former Ildefonsinos class, by the Architect D. Jose Romero F. Landa as the starting point.

 

Those ships were quite nice and smart at sea, but the Montañes, overcame them and started a new concept in ships design. Those rounded bows and sterns that were normal before, were changed by the very sharpened ends of the hull that we all know today. The Center of gravity was lower at the same time that the freeboard to the lower battery was improved. She was slightly longer and narrower, but had better stability.

 

It all means a stronger, faster, more seaworthy and better manouvering ship. The Montañes can be taken as a major step from the traditional to the modern ship.

 

Note the very "V" shaped hull when compared with other ships of her time.

 

jhfhrNB.jpg

 

Main frame

85ouQl0.jpg

 

Regards

Edited by IonAguirre
  • Like 4
Link to comment
Share on other sites

 i love two deckers so much more than the 3 deckers.

large but still sleek

Yeah, my feelings exactly. 

 

 

And I'd be quite happy to see a Spanish 74 like this in-game, especially if she was such a good sailor, as you say. 

Edited by Arvenski
Link to comment
Share on other sites

 

Julian de Retamosa was the most revolutionary and may be the best Naval Architect at his time. He solved some shipbuilding problems  that had been hanging over for centuries. I thought it was a matter of historical justice, making the study and finding a ships line more closed to what he designed.

Do you know of any English language sources on his work? Google gets me all Spanish results.

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Hi Maturin.

I think there must be any source, but don't know any. I'll ask to my Naval History Dpt. at the University for it.

 

Anyway, the "boom" about ships design started on 1743 with the publication of the "Examen Maritimo Teorico Practico" by D. Jorge Juan y Santacilla. Albeit he was a Spanish Navy officer, he was a member of the Royal Society. The work quoted above (A work in two volumes) was published in Spanish and English.

All naval building after this publication was based on Jorge Juan ideas.

 

I'm not familiar with the XVIII century english, but a reasoble translation of the title could be: "Theoretical and Practical Naval Analisys"

 

I think you could find it. The Spanish version is on the net for free, I think the English version may be available for free as well.

 

Important names.

May be looking for them could link you to Julian de Retamosa:

Antonio Gaztañeta, Jorge Juan y Santacilla, Romero Landa.

 

Regards

  • Like 1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 2 weeks later...

A few more pics of the NSM Montañes:

The pics below were done for a lecture I gave 3 years ago, related to the re-construction of the ship. Some "artistic lisences" have been allowed for making the lecture less technical and more entertaining.

 

Now the project is in stand-by, as two others ships are under development for re-building.

 

DECKS:

DHdCOZ1.jpg

 

qeqC44e.jpg

 

rBeED6q.jpg

 

WRz3PfA.jpg

 

AzAUk1E.jpg

 

MAIN FRAMING MEMBERS

GjNKiLF.jpg

 

rXadsQi.jpg

 

A STUDY OF THE BOWSPRIT

lEIFVQz.jpg

 

The complete study, including a whole building project (not for a model, but for the real ship) is at the disposal of the forum.

 

Regards

Edited by IonAguirre
  • Like 4
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 3 months later...
  • 2 years later...
57 minutes ago, victor said:

I hope yes.

If premium ships will be only 6-5 rate peashooters, the game will run short of funding and then ... bye bye to everyone

I agree, but they should also make this ship craftable and only diffrence between standard and premium should be unlimited durability with cooldown

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Create an account or sign in to comment

You need to be a member in order to leave a comment

Create an account

Sign up for a new account in our community. It's easy!

Register a new account

Sign in

Already have an account? Sign in here.

Sign In Now
×
×
  • Create New...